Electrical Safety
Electrically powered equipment and devices can pose significant hazards to laboratory personnel, particularly when mishandled or poorly maintained. Many devices operate at high voltage or high power, increasing the risk of injury. Large capacitors, commonly found in laser flash lamps and other systems, can store lethal amounts of electrical energy, presenting a serious danger even after the device has been disconnected from its power source.
Common electrical equipment used in Georgetown University laboratories includes:
- Hot plates
- Heating mantles
- Stirrers
- Vacuum pumps
- Electrophoresis apparatus
- Lasers
- Ultrasonicators
- Power supplies
- Refrigerators and freezers
- Centrifuges
- Incubators
- Microwave ovens
The primary hazards associated with electrical equipment include fire, electric shock, and electrocution. Electric shock or electrocution occurs when the human body becomes part of an electrical circuit—either by contacting both wires of a circuit, a single energized wire and the ground, or a metallic component that has become energized.
The severity of an electrical shock depends on several factors, including the current pathway through the body, the amount of current, the duration of exposure, and the moisture of the skin. Water significantly increases the risk by providing a conductive path, allowing current to flow more easily. Effects can range from a mild tingling sensation to severe burns or cardiac arrest.
Electrical hazards can be prevented or controlled through the following measures:
- Avoid piggy-backing power strips or using multiple outlet multipliers in sequence.
- Follow safe work practices every time electrical equipment is used.
- Inspect wiring, cords, and plugs prior to each use.
- Replace damaged or frayed electrical cords immediately.
- Minimize the potential for water spills on or near electrical equipment.
- Limit the use of extension cords to 90 days or less.